Federal electricity vision an important framework for economic growth, jobs and affordability

VANCOUVER — Kate Harland, the Canadian Climate Institute’s interim mitigation research director, made the following statement in response to the federal government’s “Powering Canada Forward” electricity vision paper:

“The federal government’s electricity vision maps out a win, win, win: to grow  the economy, create jobs in growing sectors, and keep energy affordable for Canadians. The shift to clean electricity is also one of the country’s single-most important ways to reduce carbon emissions and fight climate change. 

“Canada needs to build a lot more clean electricity—and quickly—to stay competitive in a global economy that sees clean energy as a business imperative. Our G7 peers have already committed to net zero electricity by 2035, and the U.S. is supercharging clean energy growth through major incentives and new regulations. Falling behind would mean losing jobs and investment to other jurisdictions.

“Switching to clean electricity isn’t just good for the economy—it will save Canadians money. The costs of renewable electricity and electric technologies keep falling, and governments have tools to keep energy bills affordable. Our research has found most Canadians will spend less on energy over time as they make the switch from fossil fuels to more efficient equipment like heat pumps and vehicles powered by clean electricity.

“To be clear: there is no path to a prosperous net zero economy in Canada without making our electricity systems bigger, cleaner, and smarter. The forthcoming federal Clean Electricity Regulations will be a crucial next step in that direction. Simply put, the future is electric. The federal government’s electricity vision is grounded in that reality—but delivering on the vision will take a serious, coordinated effort from governments across the country.”  

KEY FACTS 

  • Our research has found that, on average, people will spend 12 per cent less on energy by 2050 than they do today as Canada makes the transition from fossil fuels to clean electricity. 
  • Switching from fossil fuels to clean electricity alone can get Canada 37 per cent of the way to its 2050 net zero emissions target. 
  • The federal government has offered over $40 billion in incentives to help provinces upgrade their clean electricity systems. 
  • Canada’s electricity grid has the advantage of already being 84 per cent non-emitting, compared to only 40 per cent in the United States. 
  • The cost of renewable power has fallen dramatically over the last decade, making it the cheapest source of new power, even after considering its intermittency.
  • On August 4, 2023, over 30 leading Canadian industries, labour associations, Indigenous energy developers, clean tech businesses and others published a letter stating they support a nationwide net zero electricity grid by 2035. 

CONTACT 

Catharine Tunnacliffe
Director, Communications
Canadian Climate Institute
(226) 212-9883
ctunnacliffe@climateinstitute.ca

Phasing out fossil fuel subsidies aligns Canada’s economic policy with its climate goals

OTTAWA — Jonathan Arnold, Clean Growth Research Lead with the Canadian Climate Institute made the following statement in response to the federal government’s announcement about the future of fossil fuel subsidies in Canada:

“Phasing out government subsidies for increased fossil fuel production is an essential step toward aligning Canada’s economic policy with its climate goals. This is the first time Canada has created a framework for distinguishing efficient and inefficient subsidies. This new policy will enable a renewed focus on emissions reductions and economic growth.

“Overall, the framework announced today strikes a positive balance. It will help ensure that any existing or new support for the fossil fuel sector is aligned with Canada’s climate goal of keeping global temperature rise to below 1.5C degrees. It provides a clear focus on supporting clean technology and clean energy, and also includes safeguards for the energy needs of rural, remote, and Indigenous communities. 

“Leveraging public funding to unlock rapid reductions in oil and gas emissions involves a delicate balancing act. On one hand, recent analysis from the Canada Energy Regulator shows global demand for oil and gas could drop dramatically if the world acts fast to reach net zero emissions. 

“Since production could be substantially constrained by international market forces, governments should proceed cautiously, given the risk associated with investing taxpayer dollars into projects that could become stranded assets amid declining global demand. A dollar spent on fossil fuels is a dollar less for projects and technologies like renewable energy that will be important for maintaining competitiveness as the global energy transition accelerates.

“On the other hand, there are cases where temporary government support for initiatives like carbon contracts for difference, or carbon capture utilization and storage, makes sense to drive emissions down at the speed that is required. The production of oil and gas in Canada accounts for over a quarter of Canada’s total greenhouse gas emissions. Without swift, transformative action to reduce emissions, Canada is unlikely to meet its 2030 or 2050 climate targets.

Today’s announcement demonstrates the need for a rigorous framework that would make sure public dollars only go to projects that are genuinely aligned with Canada’s long-term economic and climate goals.  It also shows why Canada needs to adopt the proposed climate investment taxonomy—supported by the country’s 25 largest financial institutions—to give governments clear guidance, ensuring resources only go to projects that reduce emissions and improve the sector’s long-term competitiveness as global demand shrinks. 

“By investing only in projects that contribute to Canada’s transition to a prosperous, net zero economy, the federal government can make the most of limited public dollars to lower emissions, protect jobs, and help Canada stay competitive in a changing global economy.”

Resources

Defining fossil fuel projects by climate impact is critical

5 big questions about Canada’s new Climate Investment Taxonomy

Cash-flow modelling shows carbon capture and storage can help meet climate goals

Contact 

Julien Bourque
Senior Policy Analyst
Canadian Climate Institute
(514) 292-9005
jbourque@climateinstitute.ca

New Ontario energy plan provides essential vision for electricity, but lacks detail on gas

OTTAWA — Jason Dion, Senior Research Director with the Canadian Climate Institute, made the following statement in response to the Ontario government’s announcement of Powering Ontario’s Growth, Ontario’s new long-term energy plan. 

“Ontario’s new energy plan makes it clear the province is moving toward an electric future. The plan is an important step toward building the bigger, cleaner, smarter electricity systems Ontario needs to meet its increasing demand for electricity, while keeping rates affordable for families and businesses. 

“Critically, the plan focuses on ways to reduce reliance on gas-fired generation, and will support the cost-effective alignment of Ontario’s electricity system with the upcoming Clean Electricity Regulations. 

“The development of non-emitting generation alongside solutions that can improve system flexibility, such as short- and long-term storage, energy efficiency and distributed energy resources, and improved transmission capacity will help Ontario transition to a grid fully powered by non-emitting sources. 

“However, the plan is silent on whether the province intends to construct new gas-fired generation facilities. The province should avoid building new gas plants since cost-effective alternatives are available, and such facilities are likely to end up as stranded assets. The province’s timeline for reaching net zero generation is also unclear. Canada and other G7 countries have set a target for 2035, something Ontario will need to address if it wants to remain competitive. 

“Despite these gaps, Ontario’s plan is an important, forward-looking commitment to building the bigger, cleaner, smarter systems Ontario and Canada needs on the path to net zero. Our research has shown that the average Canadian household will spend 12 per cent less on energy by 2050 compared to what they spend today as the country moves toward a net zero future. 

“Ontario’s energy demands are rising. By planning for future growth today, Ontario can ensure that its reliable, cost-effective clean power remains a competitive advantage.”

Ontario plans to expand nuclear capacity a positive step toward net zero electricity

OTTAWA — Dale Beugin, Executive Vice President of the Canadian Climate Institute, made the following statement in response to the Ontario government’s announcement about new nuclear at Bruce Power: 

“Investing in clean electricity is essential to meet Ontarians’ energy needs on the path to net zero while keeping life affordable and attracting new businesses to the province. By laying the groundwork to expand nuclear generation capacity, the Ontario government and Bruce Power are taking steps to make Ontario’s grid bigger, cleaner and smarter. 

“Today’s announcement is an important start. The Canadian Energy Regulator’s latest projections confirm that major growth in nuclear power is consistent with making Ontario’s electricity system carbon neutral—alongside massively scaling up wind and solar. Our research has shown that the average Canadian household will spend 12 per cent less on energy by 2050 compared to what they spend today as the country moves toward a net zero future.

“Ontario’s commitment to expanding nuclear power also sends an important signal ahead of the forthcoming federal Clean Electricity Regulations, which puts Canada in league with our OECD partners working to make electricity systems net zero by 2035.”

CONTACT 

Andrew Patrick
Senior Communications Specialist
Canadian Climate Institute
(236) 508-9593
apatrick@climateinstitute.ca

National Adaptation Strategy, a critical tool to protect Canadians from climate damages

OTTAWA—Ryan Ness, Director of Adaptation for the Canadian Climate Institute, made the following statement in response to the release of Canada’s final National Adaptation Strategy by the federal government:

“Climate change is already inflicting billions of dollars in damage to Canadian homes, businesses and infrastructure. And with wildfire smoke polluting the air in communities across the country, the threat feels especially close to home. It’s time for damage control.

“The National Adaptation Strategy is a strong tool to address the biggest climate risks facing the country. The federal government needs to move quickly to fund and implement it to insulate Canadians from the growing threat and mounting costs of climate disasters.

“Finalizing this national strategy is an important milestone. Ensuring it delivers the results Canadians are counting on will take significant new funding, sustained focus and coordinated action by governments across the country.”

KEY FACTS

  • Investing in adaptation makes good economic sense: every dollar invested today to prepare for future climate impacts will return $13 to $15 in avoided costs.
  • Climate change is already setting Canadians back $720 per year, on average, in repairs after flooding or wildfires and other impacts—and that price tag is expected to double or triple by 2050.
  • Estimates by the Canadian Climate Institute found the estimated health costs of recent wildfires in one province alone over a period of one week tallied nearly $1.3 billion.

CONTACT

Catharine Tunnacliffe
Communications Director
Canadian Climate Institute
(226) 212-9883
ctunnacliffe@climateinstitute.ca

ADAPTATION RESEARCH FROM THE INSTITUTE

Toward a Safer and More Resilient Canada (December 2022): our independent assessment of the federal National Adaptation Strategy

Closing Canada’s Adaptation Gap (May 2022): a scoping paper outlining key elements of a potential National Adaptation Strategy

Our full series on the Costs of Climate Change for Canada, including:

Canadians will save money switching to clean electricity, research finds

22 June 2023, OTTAWA—Amid rising concerns over the cost of living, new research by the Canadian Climate Institute finds that the average Canadian household will spend 12 per cent less on energy in 2050 than they do today, as they switch from fossil fuels to power their homes, vehicles and businesses with clean electricity. 

The new report—Clean Electricity, Affordable Energy: How federal and provincial governments can save Canadians money on the path to net zero—finds these cost savings are expected despite gradual increases over time in electricity rates across provinces and territories. To ensure all households benefit, the report shows how provinces can use policy tools, like means-tested fixed charges on electricity bills, to help ensure the transition remains affordable for low- and middle-income households. 

The report also estimates how much each province and territory stands to benefit from the tens of billions of dollars in federal support for clean electricity identified in the 2023 budget.  These funds are intended to help provinces and territories upgrade and expand their grids with clean electricity. The funds can help accelerate the build out of clean, reliable electricity and ensure grids are ready to meet growing demand as Canada electrifies its economy and moves towards net zero emissions by mid-century. 

By signing on to high-level conditions for accessing federal support, provinces and territories can unlock significant benefits for their ratepayers and deliver the bigger, cleaner, smarter electricity systems that businesses are increasingly demanding as a requirement for their investment. 

Quotes

“Switching to clean, abundant, reliable electricity will save Canadians money on energy as the country moves towards a low-carbon future. Technologies like electric vehicles and heat pumps use much less energy and are typically cheaper to operate than fossil-fuelled alternatives, which cut energy costs and helps keep life affordable.”

—Jason Dion, Senior Director of Research, Canadian Climate Institute

“Bigger, cleaner electricity systems are now a must-have for businesses looking to make major investments. Producing 100 per cent clean electricity is now table stakes for provinces and territories wanting to ensure their future prosperity through the global energy transition.”

—Rick Smith, President, Canadian Climate Institute

“Canada needs to make massive investments in our electricity system to meet the needs of the energy transition. The scale is too much for ratepayers to cover alone. The 2023 federal budget made transformative investments in Canada’s electricity sector that will help electricity companies build the system we need at a price Canadians can afford.”

—Francis Bradley, President and Chief Executive Officer, Electricity Canada

CONTACT 

Catharine Tunnacliffe
Communications Director
Canadian Climate Institute
(226) 212-9883
ctunnacliffe@climateinstitute.ca

RESOURCES

Energy Regulator report finds global pursuit of net zero will shape Canada’s economy

OTTAWA — Dale Beugin, Executive Vice President of the Canadian Climate Institute, made the following statement in response to the release of Canada’s Energy Future 2023 by the Canadian Energy Regulator: 

“This groundbreaking study by the Canadian Energy Regulator takes a clear-eyed look at the global energy transition and how shifting policy and market forces could affect Canada.

“The regulator’s modelling is neither a prediction nor a prescription, but it is a warning: Prudent decision-makers in the private and public sectors must manage the emerging risks and capitalize on the opportunities of a global energy transition. Canada’s future competitiveness depends on it. How effectively they do so will shape whether Canada’s economy sinks or swims as the world tackles climate change.

“This analysis underscores that Canada’s economic prospects will be profoundly affected by global forces outside our control, especially as market demand shifts in response to accelerating technological change and other countries’ policy ambitions. The global transition toward net zero will have big implications for Canada’s new and existing export markets—even if the world acts too slowly to stabilize warming at 1.5˚ C. The study shows that oil, gas and other transition-vulnerable sectors face clear risks from declining demand, while sectors such as hydrogen, renewables, batteries and energy storage stand to grow significantly.

“The regulator’s modelling also shows that Canada has a credible pathway to achieving its climate targets. The report finds implementing all of the policies proposed in the federal Emissions Reductions Plan could put Canada within striking distance of its 2030 target. Domestic policies will need to get stronger over time to keep Canada on a realistic path to reaching net zero emissions by 2050. 

“The modelling also demonstrates that building a bigger, cleaner, and more flexible electricity system is fundamental to achieving net zero. Across multiple scenarios and sensitivity analyses, a clean electricity system consistently emerges as the linchpin of Canada’s net zero pathway—and this finding is consistent with our independent analysis at the Canadian Climate Institute. Achieving an affordable, competitive pathway to net zero requires substantial growth in clean electricity, as well as transmission infrastructure and storage. 

“Neither Canada’s competitiveness nor its success in reducing emissions will happen in a vacuum. Time will tell how quickly the world reaches net zero, but Canadian governments, industries and investors can’t afford to assume that global efforts to reduce emissions will fail. The Canadian Energy Regulator’s new analysis provides a credible foundation for planning amidst the uncertainties ahead on the road to net zero.” 

CONTACT 

Catharine Tunnacliffe
Communications Director
Canadian Climate Institute
(226) 212-9883
ctunnacliffe@climateinstitute.ca

Canada is making progress toward climate goals, greenhouse gas emissions data confirm

14 April 2023, OTTAWA—The federal government’s latest National Inventory Report (NIR) confirms Canada is making important progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The 2021 official emissions data also shows improvements separating emissions from economic growth, a critical marker on the road to meeting the country’s 2030 climate targets and building a cleaner economy.

According to the 2021 inventory data, Canada’s emissions declined 8.4 per cent below 2005 levels—reaching 670 million tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent (Mt CO2e) that year. Canada has committed to reduce emissions by 40 to 45 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030.

While Canada’s 2021 emissions rose 1.8 per cent above 2020 levels, that increase was substantially smaller than the rebound in economic growth that year (+4.6%), in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This trend shows Canada continues to ‘decouple’ emissions from economic activity—even though many of the federal policies that will drive substantial emissions reductions in the future are only just coming into effect.

Economic sectors that saw the greatest progress in 2021 included buildings (2.2 per cent reduction from 2020), electricity (3.7 per cent reduction from 2020) and agriculture (1.4 per cent reduction from 2020). In contrast, emissions from transportation were up 4.9 per cent or 7 Mt CO2e while heavy industry emissions increased 4.1 per cent or 3 Mt CO2e. Oil and gas jumped 3.3 per cent from the previous year, to 189 Mt CO2e. This is 12.5 per cent higher than 2005 levels, representing a significant ongoing challenge for industry and policy makers.

While promising, the emissions trends for 2021 need to accelerate for Canada to achieve its 2030 target. Previous Climate Institute analysis concluded that quick and effective implementation of the federal government’s Emissions Reduction Plan, alongside greater provincial and territorial action, will be instrumental to driving progress at the scale and pace required this decade.

The government’s official 2021 inventory is consistent with the overall trends estimated by the Institute earlier this year, showing even better progress than anticipated even after accounting for methodological changes implemented by the government. The federal government recalibrates the methodologies on which the NIR is based every year to align with improvements in international emissions accounting standards, new information, and evolving science. All emissions years in the inventory (1990-2021) are adjusted when methodologies are updated.

The NIR is published each spring following a 16-month lag, which makes it difficult to quickly track progress and course correct if data shows Canada is not on the path to reaching its targets. To provide more timely information for decision-makers, the Canadian Climate Institute will release an independent early estimate of national emissions every fall–eight months ahead of the official inventory report. Our estimate of 2022 national emissions will be released in September 2023.

QUOTES

“These latest emissions numbers are significant and welcome news: they show that Canada is starting to put the brakes on emissions, while the economy grows. Cutting emissions by over 8.4 percent since 2005  is a big deal, and our independent estimates confirm this promising trend. As long as Canada picks up the pace with stronger policy, there’s still time to reach Canada’s 2030 emissions reduction goal, while building a cleaner, more competitive economy and keeping life affordable.”

Rick Smith, President, Canadian Climate Institute

“While Canada’s economy saw a strong rebound in 2021, greenhouse gas emissions grew slower than expected, thanks to policies to improve energy efficiency and decarbonize the economy, as well as market drivers. Although some sectors are making clear progress, oil and gas emissions are trending in the wrong direction. Achieving Canada’s 2030 climate target will require faster action and stronger policy from governments across the country—but the progress we see today is a step forward.”

Dave Sawyer, Principal Economist, Canadian Climate Institute

CONTACT

Catharine Tunnacliffe
Director of Communications
ctunnacliffe@climateinstitute.ca
(226) 212-9883

RESOURCES

2021 Early estimate of National Emissions (February 2023)
Insight: Early estimate of National Emissions shows promising trends for 2021
Independent assessment: 2030 Emissions Reduction Plan (April 2022)

Budget 2023 is a strong gameplan to keep Canada competitive

OTTAWA, 28 March 2023 — Rick Smith, President of the Canadian Climate Institute, made the following statement in response to the release of the Federal Budget 2023: 

“This is the most consequential budget in recent history for accelerating clean growth in Canada. Climate action and economic policy are one and the same—the world’s major economies know that investing in clean energy is the catalyst for future competitiveness, and Budget 2023 takes decisive steps to ensure Canada won’t fall behind in the global race to net zero. 

“This is a shrewd response to the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act. The 2023 federal budget builds on Canada’s existing policy strengths. It provides targeted support to attract the private capital required to drive new sources of clean economic growth, explicitly building on the solid foundation of existing policies such as carbon pricing and clean fuel regulations. In particular, new funding through Investment Tax Credits (estimated to cost $17 billion over the next five years) as well as new focus for the Canada Growth Fund and the Canada Infrastructure Bank, will help mobilize additional investment in clean growth projects across the country, such as clean electricity, hydrogen, clean technology manufacturing, electric vehicles, and batteries. 

“We strongly support the federal government’s commitment to provide carbon contracts for difference to drive more private investment at lower cost. It makes sense to provide both tailored contracts for differences through the Canada Growth Fund as well broader contracts to buttress the certainty of carbon pricing. As we have recommended, contracts for difference leverage Canada’s biggest advantage—carbon pricing—to crowd-in private investment and secure the longer-term economic viability of clean growth projects. 

“Clean electricity is Canada’s greatest competitive advantage in attracting investment—and we need more of it.  This budget takes significant strides toward building bigger, cleaner and smarter electricity systems across the country, with new investment tax credits for the electricity sector worth $6.3 billion over the next five years and $25.7 billion over the next ten. By making these tax credits conditional on provincial commitments to affordable net zero electricity, the budget will also create incentives for essential provincial and territorial action on clean electricity. These shifts will underpin Canada’s net zero transition and make energy more affordable and reliable for Canadians in the long run.  

“Overall, Budget 2023 invests in the right priorities to tackle climate change and build a stronger, cleaner, and more competitive economy.” 

Budget 2023 highlights

The 2023 Federal Budget’s most significant elements for supporting clean growth and progress on climate change: 

  • The importance of clean electricity, a linchpin both of Canada’s net zero pathways and of its future competitiveness, comes through very strongly. The Budget rightly prioritizes clean electricity, with both new (investment tax credits, including credits available to crown corporations and public utilities) and existing resources (Canada Growth Fund, Canada Infrastructure Bank). 
  • The Budget clarifies the role of the Canada Infrastructure Bank to make it “the government’s primary financing tool for supporting clean electricity generation, transmission, and storage projects, including for major projects such as the Atlantic Loop.” Drawing on existing resources, it commits at least $10 billion of support for clean power and an additional $10 billion for clean growth infrastructure.
  • The Budget explicitly opens the door to multiple types of contracts for difference. By directing the Canada Growth Fund to provide tailored contracts for differences for large projects—whether tied to prices of carbon or commodities such as hydrogen—it can get some projects moving quickly in the short-term. And by consulting on broader carbon contracts for difference it can reinforce certainty around future carbon prices, making the carbon pricing work better.  
  • By tasking the Public Sector Pension Investment Board (PSP Investments) to manage the Canada Growth Fund’s assets, the budget ensures that the Growth Fund can move quickly in mobilizing private capital. Critically, the budget notes the importance of transparency and accountability in ensuring these investments are consistent with the Growth Fund’s mandate.  
  • The budget announces that the Canada Infrastructure Bank will provide loans to Indigenous communities to support them in purchasing equity stakes of projects in which the Infrastructure Bank is investing. This is consistent with recommendations the Institute has made to enable Indigenous equity in clean growth projects as a critical element of economic reconciliation.
  • Investment Tax Credits will mobilize significant private capital in key areas that could provide new sources of economic growth and competitiveness. For example, 30 per cent refundable credit will support investment in new machinery or equipment used to manufacture or process clean technologies and extract, process, or recycle key critical minerals. Similarly, tax credits of 15-40 per cent will support production of clean hydrogen and conversion to ammonia for transport. 
  • The Budget provides some support for building resilience to disasters and climate impacts. It dedicates:
  1. $15 million to Public Safety Canada to create a public portal providing Canadians information about their vulnerability to flood; 
  2. $48 million to Public Safety to identify high risk flood areas and implement a modernized Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements Program
  3. $31.7 million to stand up a flood insurance program for Canadians without access to insurance. 

CONTACT 

Catharine Tunnacliffe
Communications Director
Canadian Climate Institute
(226) 212-9883
ctunnacliffe@climateinstitute.ca

RESOURCES

Clean growth and climate policy experts available to comment on the 2023 Federal Budget

OTTAWA, March 24, 2023 — Experts from the Canadian Climate Institute are available to speak with media before and after the release of the 2023 Federal Budget.  

WHAT

The Institute will participate in the stakeholder budget lock-up to evaluate commitments related to clean growth and climate priorities, including: 

  • Incentives and policy tools to drive clean growth and competitiveness
  • Tax credits and other supports for the expansion of clean electricity
  • Affordability and the energy transition
  • Canada’s progress toward net zero emissions
  • The costs of climate change for Canada

Please see our media backgrounder for additional analysis and resources relevant to the 2023 Budget.

WHEN

Tuesday, March 28, 4:00 pm ET

Note: Climate Institute experts are also available for pre-budget interviews or to share research and analysis on background. 

WHO

Rick Smith, President, Canadian Climate Institute
Areas of expertise: Canada’s progress toward net zero emissions, affordability and the energy transition, clean growth and competitiveness, and general climate policy priorities. 

Dale Beugin, Executive Vice President, Canadian Climate Institute

Areas of expertise: clean growth, carbon pricing, contracts for difference, clean electricity, Canada’s progress towards net zero, and affordability and the energy transition. 

Marisa Beck, Clean Growth Director, Canadian Climate Institute
Areas of expertise: clean growth, Canada’s response to the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act, and competitiveness in the global energy transition.

Jason Dion, Senior Research Director, Canadian Climate Institute
Areas of expertise: the switch from fossil fuels to clean power, inter-governmental cooperation to expand and upgrade electricity systems, and net zero pathways for Canada.  

Julien Bourque, Quebec Coordinator
Areas of expertise: Canada’s progress toward net zero emissions, affordability and the energy transition, clean growth and competitiveness, and general climate policy priorities.

Ryan Ness, Adaptation Research Director
Areas of expertise: the costs of climate change in Canada, ,the National Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan, federal funding to prepare for climate change, and climate-related disaster response.

RESOURCES

CONTACT

Catharine Tunnacliffe
Communications Director
Canadian Climate Institute
(226) 212-9883
ctunnacliffe@climateinstitute.ca